Guild socialism
*We find in Cole’s writings an intriguing theory of democratic associationalism, in which cooperation rather than force is seen as the mechanism that enables people to build organisations and work towards shared goals.
The driving force of Cole’s guild socialism was the desire to institute what he called a ‘functional democracy’ in different domains of social life. This was an idea of democracy understood not simply as a set of abstract rights but in terms of real participation and involvement in the most important associations that governed individuals’ everyday lives.
He called for a participatory democracy in which multiple and overlapping producer, consumer and municipal associations coordinated social life. In Cole’s sketch in Guild Socialism Restated, he envisioned cultural councils organising art galleries, museums and libraries; education guilds organising schools, universities and other tertiary institutions; health guilds; collective utilities councils; industrial councils; civil service councils; consumer councils; and co-operative councils.
This vision of a radical democratic future entailed a greater emphasis on distributed forms of governance, a participatory political culture and citizens exercising meaningful democratic control over their lives.
- distributed forms of governance
- participatory political culture
- citizens exercising meaningful democratic control over their lives
Cole’s theory required a decentralisation of power throughout society. He argued that the power and authority of the state should be drastically reduced to a coordinating agency – one small element in a larger social system of internally democratic associations led by active citizens.
- decentralisation of power throughout society
- state should be reduced to a coordinating agency
Cole represented what Mark Bevir has called a ‘distinctive socialist tradition of pluralism’ within early twentieth-century British politics which challenged the state’s centralisation of power and the tendency of socialists to think of socialisation exclusively in state terms.8 The pluralist agenda of this associationalism posed a radical alternative to Fabianism and the various forms of state socialism of the era.
- pluralism
For Cole, the central concept was ‘community control’ – how interconnected individuals working towards a common cause could regain collective self-determination over their economic and political institutions.
1. Elsewhere
1.1. In my garden
Notes that link to this note (AKA backlinks).